Version: 2.2, Release: 9
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DNA IN FORENSICS - Brussels 2014 (2013-03-27)

Brussels 2014
In the spring of 2014 the Belgian National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology will host the 9th International Y Chromosome User Workshop and the 6th International EMPOP Meeting at Brussels.
Brussels 2014
In the spring of 2014 the Belgian National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology will host the 9th International Y Chromosome User Workshop and the 6th International EMPOP Meeting at Brussels.

The conferences on haploid markers have become a tradition in the forensic scientific meetings with four passages in Berlin (1996, 2000, 2004 and 2010), two in Innsbruck (2006, 2012), one in Porto (2002) and one in Ancona (2008). In the spirit of the previous editions, DNA in Forensics 2014 will offer users and scientists a discussion forum on Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA research. We look forward to welcoming representatives from different aspects of the forensic field: students, academics, and forensic experts.

Sample update (2013-02-14)

We have become aware of an alignment variant that does not follow the phylogenetic principle. Although this does not affect search results due to the alignment-free query engine SAM (Röck et al., 2011) we decided to update the sample. Please note that the release status of EMPOP remains unchanged. We thank Kimberly Andreaggi (AFDIL) for pinpointing this haplotype.
We have become aware of an alignment variant that does not follow the phylogenetic principle. Although this does not affect search results due to the alignment-free query engine SAM (Röck et al., 2011) we decided to update the sample. Please note that the release status of EMPOP remains unchanged. We thank Kimberly Andreaggi (AFDIL) for pinpointing this haplotype.
Change of alignment
Origin Profile  
USAEMPOP R916086C 16104T 16129A 16163G 16187T 16187.1T 16188A 16189C 16223T 16278T 16293G 16294T 16301G 16311C 16360T 16519C 73G 151T 152C 182T 186A 189C 247A 263G 315.1C 316A 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916086C 16104T 16129A 16163G 16187T 16188T 16189A 16193.1C 16223T 16278T 16293G 16294T 16301G 16311C 16360T 16519C 73G 151T 152C 182T 186A 189C 247A 263G 315.1C 316A 523DEL 524DEL

Release 9 is online, N=29444 (2013-01-17)

We have updated the database with 3.372 new haplotypes from 15 different countries (Angola, Bahrain, China, Croatia, Dominican Republic, Germany, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, Portugal, Somalia, Spain).

Sample update (2013-01-17)

One of our collaborators notified us of two maternally closely related samples. We therefore deleted one of the samples (Argentina). Thorough review and feedback from our collaborators brought changes in polymorphisms in five samples. New data of release 9 led to changes in the alignment according to the recent phylogeny for 13 samples. Please recall that alignment changes do not affect the search result due to the alignment-free query engine SAM (Röck et al., 2011).
One of our collaborators notified us of two maternally closely related samples. We therefore deleted one of the samples (Argentina). Thorough review and feedback from our collaborators brought changes in polymorphisms in five samples. New data of release 9 led to changes in the alignment according to the recent phylogeny for 17 samples. Please recall that alignment changes do not affect the search result due to the alignment-free query engine SAM (Röck et al., 2011).
Deleted sample
Origin Profile  
ArgentinaEMPOP R816092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16214T 16217C 16355A 73G 152C 309.1T 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C
Info: a maternally related sample was already included in the database
Change of polymorphisms
Origin Profile  
USAEMPOP R816183C 16187T 16189C 16193DEL 16217C 16519C 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 499A
 EMPOP R916183C 16185T 16189C 16193DEL 16217C 16519C 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 499A
USAEMPOP R816051G 16185T 16189C 16193.1C 16324C 16352Y 73G 146C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 438T
 EMPOP R916051G 16185T 16189C 16193DEL 16324C 16352Y 73G 146C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 438T
USAEMPOP R816182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16519C 73G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
 EMPOP R916182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16519C 73G 204Y 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
USAEMPOP R816172C 16183C 16189C 16223T 16320T 16519C 73G 150T 152C 195C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 513R
 EMPOP R916172C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16320T 16519C 73G 150T 152C 195C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 513R
DEUEMPOP R816192T 16223T 16356C 16519C 73G 195C 263G 315.1C
 EMPOP R916192T 16223T 16356C 16519C 73G 195C 263G 310C 499A 524.1A 524.2C 524.3A 524.4C 524.5A 524.6C
DEUEMPOP R816069T 16126C 16189C 16519C 73G 185A 188G 228A 263G 295T 309.1C 315.1C 462T 489C
 EMPOP R916069T 16126C 16189C 16519C 73G 185A 188G 228A 263G 295T 315.1C 462T 489C
Change of alignment
Origin Profile  
KoreaEMPOP R816136C 16175G 16183C 16189C 16217C 16218T 16519C 56DEL 58A 71.1G 73G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 499A
 EMPOP R916136C 16175G 16183C 16189C 16217C 16218T 16519C 55.1T 59DEL 60DEL 71.1G 73G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 499A
KoreaEMPOP R816093C 16136C 16183C 16189C 16217C 16218T 16519C 56DEL 58A 71.1G 73G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 499A
 EMPOP R916093C 16136C 16183C 16189C 16217C 16218T 16519C 55.1T 59DEL 60DEL 71.1G 73G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 499A
USAEMPOP R816092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16217C 16249C 16312G 16344T 16519C 73G 152C 263G 271T 309.1C 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C 454DEL 455DEL 460C 463.1C 499A
 EMPOP R916092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16217C 16249C 16312G 16344T 16519C 73G 152C 263G 271T 309.1C 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C 454C 455C 460C 463DEL 499A
USAEMPOP R816092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16217C 16249C 16312R 16344T 16519C 73G 152C 263G 271T 309.1C 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C 454DEL 455DEL 460C 499A
 EMPOP R916092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16217C 16249C 16312R 16344T 16519C 73G 152C 263G 271T 309.1C 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C 454C 455C 460C 462DEL 463DEL 499A
USAEMPOP R816092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16217C 16249C 16312G 16344T 16519C 73G 152C 263G 271T 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 454DEL 455DEL 460C 499A
 EMPOP R916092C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16217C 16249C 16312G 16344T 16519C 73G 152C 263G 271T 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 454C 455C 460C 462DEL 463DEL 499A
Central AsiaEMPOP R816241G 16256T 16270T 16287T 16304C 16325C 16399G 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 574C 575DEL
 EMPOP R916241G 16256T 16270T 16287T 16304C 16325C 16399G 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 573DEL 574C
USAEMPOP R816079T 16171C 16209C 16223T 16243C 16278T 73G 150T 195C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C 537T 574C 575.1C
 EMPOP R916079T 16171C 16209C 16223T 16243C 16278T 73G 150T 195C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C 537T 573.1C 574C
USAEMPOP R816256T 16270T 16304C 16399G 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 533G 574DEL
 EMPOP R916256T 16270T 16304C 16399G 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 533G 573DEL 574C
EgyptEMPOP R816126C 16362C 16512C 16558A 58C 60.1T 64T 263G 291.1T 291.2A 291.3T 291.4A 315.1C
 EMPOP R916126C 16362C 16512C 16558A 58C 60.1T 64T 263G 292.1A 292.2T 292.3A 292.4T 315.1C
IndiaEMPOP R816126C 16148T 16213A 16309G 16318C 16519C 73G 146C 151T 152C 195C 263G 292.1A 294.1T 315.1C 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916126C 16148T 16213A 16309G 16318C 16519C 73G 146C 151T 152C 195C 263G 292.1A 292.2T 315.1C 523DEL 524DEL
KoreaEMPOP R816223T 16290T 16319A 16362C 73G 151T 152C 200G 235G 263G 292.1A 294.1T 309.1C 315.1C 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916223T 16290T 16319A 16362C 73G 151T 152C 200G 235G 263G 292.1A 292.2T 309.1C 315.1C 523DEL 524DEL
MalaysiaEMPOP R816140C 16183C 16189C 16266T 16519C 73G 146C 210G 263G 291.1T 291.2A 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916140C 16183C 16189C 16266T 16519C 73G 146C 210G 263G 291.1T 291.2A 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523DEL 524DEL
USAEMPOP R816223T 16248T 16278T 16294T 16309G 16368C 16390A 16519C 73G 146C 152C 195C 263G 291.1T 291.2A 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
 EMPOP R916223T 16248T 16278T 16294T 16309G 16368C 16390A 16519C 73G 146C 152C 195C 263G 292.1A 292.2T 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
UgandaEMPOP R816093C 16129A 16148T 16166G 16183C 16186T 16189C 16193DEL 16223T 16278T 16311C 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 513A 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916093C 16129A 16148T 16166G 16183DEL 16187T 16189C 16223T 16278T 16311C 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 513A 523DEL 524DEL
UgandaEMPOP R816129A 16148T 16166G 16183C 16186T 16189C 16193DEL 16223T 16278T 16311C 16327T 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 498.1C 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916129A 16148T 16166G 16183DEL 16187T 16189C 16223T 16278T 16311C 16327T 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 498.1C 523DEL 524DEL
UgandaEMPOP R816129A 16148T 16166G 16183C 16186T 16189C 16193DEL 16223T 16278T 16311C 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 309.1C 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916129A 16148T 16166G 16183DEL 16187T 16189C 16223T 16278T 16311C 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 309.1C 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 523DEL 524DEL
UgandaEMPOP R816129A 16148T 16166G 16183C 16186T 16189C 16223T 16278T 16291T 16311C 16355T 16362C 16T 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 523DEL 524DEL
 EMPOP R916129A 16148T 16166G 16183DEL 16187T 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16278T 16291T 16311C 16355T 16362C 16T 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 523DEL 524DEL

DNA in Forensics 2014 (2013-01-10)

The Belgian National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC) will host DNA in Forensics 2014 (9th International Y Chromosome User Workshop and 6th International EMPOP Meeting) in Brussels, Belgium in spring of 2014.
The Belgian National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC) will host DNA in Forensics 2014 (9th International Y Chromosome User Workshop and 6th International EMPOP Meeting) in Brussels, Belgium in spring of 2014. The conferences on haploid markers have become a tradition in the forensic community with four passages in Berlin (1996, 2000, 2004, and 2010), two in Innsbruck (2006, 2012), one in Porto (2002) and one in Ancona (2008). In the spirit of the previous editions DNA in Forensics 2014 will offer students, forensic practitioners and scientists a discussion forum on Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA research. More details will be announced at a later stage. We look forward to welcoming you in Brussels!

Release 8 is online, N=26073 (2012-09-05)

Thanks to the outstanding efforts of our collaborators, especially the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL), release 8 presents 8,752 new haplotypes from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Iraq, Spain, USA, Uganda. The majority of the new data comes from 19 states of the USA (6,887 haplotypes). Overall, in release 8 the US population is represented by 8,945 haplotypes from 26 states.

Update to version 2.2 - New software DrawNetWork v1.24 for drawing quasi-median networks (2012-09-05)

To further improve the usability of quasi-median network analysis via EMPOP we introduce new software for displaying quasi-median networks. DrawNetWork v1.24 enables immediate inspection of individual haplotypes represented by the nodes of the network and facilitates interpretation of the results by highlighting/dimming edges. The software comes with a short introduction (DrawNetWork_manual_short.pdf) that presents the most important features available in the new version and can be found in the download section of EMPOP.

Sample update (2012-09-05)

Thanks to one of our collaborators we were able to update one sample to the full control region.
Thanks to one of our collaborators we were able to update one sample to the full control region.
Change of reading frame
Origin Profile  
NetherlandsEMPOP R716024-16390 16471-16569 57-357 426-576
16126C 16153A 16294T 16519C 73G 150T 263G 309.1C 315.1C
 EMPOP R816024-576
16126C 16153A 16294T 16519C 41T 73G 150T 263G 309.1C 315.1C

Release 7 is online, N=17321 (2012-04-25)

We have updated the EMPOP database with 1200 haplotypes from Argentina, Ecuador, Germany, Nicaragua, Slovenia, and Venezuela.

Official website and registration for DNA IN FORENSICS 2012 (2012-03-12)

The official website for DNA IN FORENSICS 2012 is online. Registration to the 5th EMPOP meeting / 8th Y User workshop in Innsbruck, Austria, September 06-08, 2012 is now open.

Change of alignment within mtDNA haplogroup M39 (2012-02-03)

The Phylotree update Build 12 to 13 brought a change in the alignment of diagnostic polymorphisms for haplogroup M39. Following the principles of phylogenetic alignment we adapted the annotation of six haplotypes in the EMPOP database. Note, that this does not affect results of EMPOP searches as the engine (SAM) turns rCRS-coded haplotypes into nucleotide strings and thus search results are independent from alignment.
The update from Phylotree Build 12 to Build 13 by van Oven and Kayser brought a change in the alignment of diagnostic polymorphisms for haplogroup M39. Following the principles of phylogenetic alignment we performed the necessary modifications affecting six haplotypes in the EMPOP database. Thanks to the search engine SAM that is unaware of alignment issues previous and future query results are not affected by these changes.
Change of alignment
Origin Profile  
DubaiEMPOP R616189C 16223T 16445C 16519C 55.1T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 65.2T 71DEL 73G 93G 153G 234G 263G 315.1C 485C 489C
 EMPOP R7 16189C 16223T 16445C 16519C 55.1T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 66T 73G 93G 153G 234G 263G 315.1C 485C 489C
IndiaEMPOP R616223T 55.1T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 65.2T 71DEL 73G 153G 183G 263G 315.1C 463T
 EMPOP R716223T 55.1T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 66T 73G 153G 183G 263G 315.1C 463T
IndiaEMPOP R616223T 16287T 16362C 55.1T 56DEL 65.1T 65.2T 71DEL 73G 146C 263G 315.1C
 EMPOP R716223T 16287T 16362C 55.1T 55.2T 56T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 66T 73G 146C 263G 315.1C
IndiaEMPOP R616223T 16362C 55.1T 56DEL 65.1T 65.2T 71DEL 73G 146C 263G 315.1C
 EMPOP R716223T 16362C 55.1T 55.2T 56T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 66T 73G 146C 263G 315.1C
IndiaEMPOP R616223T 16362C 55.1T 56DEL 65.1T 65.2T 71DEL 73G 146C 263G 315.1C
 EMPOP R716223T 16362C 55.1T 55.2T 56T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 66T 73G 146C 263G 315.1C
KuwaitEMPOP R616223T 55.1T 55.2T 56T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 65.2T 71DEL 73G 146C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
 EMPOP R716223T 55.1T 55.2T 56T 59DEL 60DEL 65.1T 66T 73G 146C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C

Release 6 is online, N=16121 (2011-12-22)

We have updated the EMPOP database with 1274 haplotypes from Brazil and the USA.

Server downtime Friday November 18 until Saturday November 19 2011 UTC (2011-11-18)

Due to maintenance EMPOP will be shut down from Friday, November 18 14:00 2011 UTC until Saturday, November 19 18:00 2011 UTC. Please apologize for any inconvenience.

Drawing and interpreting quasi-median networks with EMPOP (2011-10-21)

Quasi-median networks emerged as a useful tool for quality inspection of mtDNA data. We are happy to present a short introduction as well as a comprehensive manual for drawing and interpreting quasi-median networks with EMPOP. See also the download section for further data related to quasi-median networks. Feedback to info@empop.org is highly welcome to further facilitate the use of quasi-median networks for mtDNA data quality assurance.

DNA IN FORENSICS 2012 - Exploring the phylogenies (2011-10-03)

We kindly invite you to the meeting "DNA in Forensics 2012" that is given the motto "Exploring the phylogenies". Under the umbrella of "DNA in Forensics" the 8th International Y Chromosome User Workshop and the 5th International EMPOP Meeting will take place. We are looking forward to seeing you in Innsbruck, Austria, September 06-08, 2012. Please find the announcement here.

Visualization of quasi-median networks (2011-08-23)

The algorithm for drawing quasi-median networks implemented in the NETWORK software provided by EMPOP has been published by Schwarz and Dür (2011).

EMPOPall filter for NETWORK updated (2011-07-06)

In the course of release 5 we updated the EMPOPall filter for NETWORK. The new filter is based on all mutations seen within forensic data of release 5.

Release 5 is online, N=14847 (2011-07-05)

We have updated the EMPOP database with 2062 haplotypes from Bulgaria, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Kuwait, Portugal, Spain and the USA.

Server downtime Friday April 8 until Saturday April 9 2011 UTC (2011-04-04)

Due to maintenance EMPOP will be shut down from Friday, April 8 14:00 2011 UTC until Saturday, April 9 18:00 2011 UTC. Please apologize for any inconvenience.

Release 4 is online, N=12785 (2011-03-24)

We are happy to announce EMPOP release 4 that is augmenting the database with 538 sequences from Brazil, Japan, Laos, and Malaysia. To enable more detailed geographic queries we implemented a fourth subcategory that is displayed under "Geographic affiliation" in the query result.

Release 3 is online, N=12247 (2010-12-27)

We are happy to announce EMPOP release 3. A total of 1277 haplotypes from Brazil, China, Germany, Guinea-Bissau, Pakistan, Portugal, and Spain have been added to the database. A major portion of the sequences were supplied through the successful collaboration with the Spanish and Portuguese Speaking Working Group of the ISFG motivated by the untiring activity of Lourdes Prieto Solla. Haplotypes of previous releases have been evaluated in the course of establishing R3, no changes were necessary.

Update on search engine to Version 2.1 (2010-08-30)

After the launch of EMPOP 2 in April 2010 we are happy to provide an update with a faster query engine that significantly reduces search times.
After the launch of EMPOP 2 in April 2010 we are happy to provide an update with a faster query engine that significantly reduces search times.
  1. New search strategy
    To date EMPOP has calculated differences between query profile and base profiles – so called transcripts - in two different ways: a maximum parsimony (MP) and a maximum likelihood (ML) transcript was reported. The MP transcript is characterised by the minimum number of differences between query and base profiles. Since phylogenetic notation does not always follow maximum parsimony, the calculation of a ML transcript makes sense. The latter however, is a) a very time consuming procedure and b) in the majority of searches leads to the same transcript as MP. Therefore, the routine computation of the ML transcript for every single base profile constitutes an unnecessary load for the software. We changed this in the new version of the software, where
    • the output of a search is initially based on the MP transcript only. This makes the computation of search results much faster.
    • the ML transcript can then be calculated on demand for every base profile (in the details view mode). This way the performance of the query engine is significantly improved but still, ML transcripts can be retrieved from the database to display the phylogenetic alignment of the query profile.
  2. Selection of hotspot positions
    We adapted the selection of hotspot positions by removing 16188 and adding length variant around position 573.
  3. Personal information
    We added the possibility to delete a user’s account. Please note that by deleting the account all personal information is deleted from the database. Because of technical reasons queries of the respective user are not deleted from the system but anonymized.
  4. History
    Following the proposal of an EMPOP user we added the possibility to delete history entries in the user’s history log.

Change of polymorphisms (2010-08-30)

Thorough review and feedback by the authors brought 4 changes in the HV2 C-stretch:
Thorough review and feedback by the authors brought 4 changes in the HV2 C-stretch:
Change of polymorphisms
Origin Profile  
ChinaEMPOP R273G 263G 16086C 16140C 16183C 16189C 16266A
 EMPOP R2.173G 210G 263G 315.1C 16086C 16140C 16183C 16189C 16266A
ChinaEMPOP R273G 263G 16093C 16104T 16111T 16223T 16235G 16311C 16362C
 EMPOP R2.173G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 16093C 16104T 16111T 16223T 16235G 16311C 16362C
GermanyEMPOP R216069T 16126C 16145A 16231C 16261T 73G 150T 152C 195C 215G 263G 295T 310.1T 319C 489C 513A
 EMPOP R2.116069T 16126C 16145A 16231C 16261T 73G 150T 152C 195C 215G 263G 295T 310.1T 315.1C 319C 489C 513A
GermanyEMPOP R216129A 16223T 16311C 16357C 16391A 16519C 73G 189G 199C 204C 250C 263G 309.1C 455.1T 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C
 EMPOP R2.116129A 16223T 16311C 16357C 16391A 16519C 73G 189G 199C 204C 250C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 455.1T 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C

Welcome to EMPOP 2, N=10970 (2010-04-16)

We are happy to announce that the 2nd release of EMPOP is now online, along with some new features and tools!
We are happy to announce that the 2nd release of EMPOP is now online, along with some new features and tools!
  • EMPOP2 includes more than 5,000 new mtDNA haplotypes from more than 30 populations and thus contains now 10970 haplotypes.
  • EMPOP2 is using a new structure for the haplotypes, which better suits the forensic demand. Haplotypes are grouped with respect to the
    1. geographical affiliation, classified and searchable by continent, UN region, country, and locality and
    2. population-specific affiliation, classified and searchable in a (sub)-metapopulation hierarchy.
    A query always involves the total database, individual portions of the database (populations) can be selected in the output of a search.
  • The search engine has been modified compared to the first version and now performs string-based queries
    1. The string-based search mode converts the query sequence into a consecutive string of nucleotides (FASTA) and compares it to the database sequences, which were also converted into nucleotide strings. There are two different possibilities to input the query sequence: (1) the haplotype can be entered as differences to rCRS or (2) as sequence string (e.g. copy-paste from a text file or a consensus sequence from the analysis software). The string search query option offers the opportunity that haplotypes are not missed in a search due to different annotation between query and database sequences.
    2. The results of the string based query are reported in difference coded format. A maximum likelihood (ML) and a maximum parsimony (MP) approach are used to determine the transcript (i.e. the differences) from database to query profile. The ML approach reports the transcript with minimal costs (based on mutation-specific weights), while the MP approach favors the transcript with the minimal number of differences. In case ML and MP are identical only ML is reported.
  • Additional tools for handling EMP formatted files and evaluating statistical measures can be found in "Tools".

Information for EMPOP 1 users - registration for EMPOP 2 (2010-04-16)

Changes from EMPOP 1 to EMPOP 2 make it necessary to newly register for EMPOP 2. This also accounts for users that are already registered for EMPOP 1. Follow this link to register for EMPOP 2.

Workshop (2010-03-10)

Registration to the 7th Y User Workshop / 4th EMPOP meeting in Berlin, April 22th-24th, 2010 is now open.
Registration to the 7th International Y Chromosome User Workshop & 4th International EMPOP meeting in Berlin, April 22th-24th, 2010 is now open. For further details see http://www.gerichtsmedizin.at/haploid-dna-markers-in-forensic-genetics.html.

Release history (2010-04-16)

Launch of EMPOP release 2 comes along with a thorough check of all data of release 1. The following changes were introduced.
During preparation of EMPOP2 we performed a complete review of the EMPOP1 haplotypes. We needed to delete 3 samples (close relatives or twins), corrected 2 polymorphisms, changed the alignment of 10 haplotypes and harmonized the reporting of length heteroplasmy among all “forensic haplotypes”. The latter required updates in length variant regions of 18 haplotypes. Finally, reading frames were reviewed and corrected and harmonized where necessary, which resulted in a total of 36 changes.
Deleted sample
Origin Profile  
DenmarkEMPOP R116080G 263G 309.1C 315.1C
Info: the same person was accidentally typed twice
DenmarkEMPOP R1263G 315.1C
Info: the same person was accidentally typed twice
DenmarkEMPOP R116080G 263G 309.1C 315.1C
Info: identical twin already in database
Change of polymorphisms
Origin Profile  
JapanEMPOP R116189C 16194G 16195C 16208T 16223T 16227G 16278T 16362C 73G 150T 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
 EMPOP R216189C 16194G 16195C 16223T 16227G 16278T 16362C 73G 150T 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
VietnamEMPOP R116129A 16192T 16223T 16263C 16293C 16297C 16298C 73G 146C 150T 199C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 489C
 EMPOP R216129A 16192T 16223T 16263C 16293C 16297C 16298- 73G 146C 150T 199C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 489C
Change of alignment
Origin Profile  
GermanyEMPOP R116189C 55C 56.1C 152C 263G 309.1C 315.1C
 EMPOP R216189C 55C 57C 60.1T 152C 263G 309.1C 315.1C
HungaryEMPOP R116183- 16186T 16189C 16223T 16266T 16274A 16278T 16390A 73G 146C 152C 195C 263G 309.1C 315.1C
 EMPOP R216183C 16185T 16189C 16193- 16223T 16266T 16274A 16278T 16390A 73G 146C 152C 195C 263G 309.1C 315.1C
ItalyEMPOP R155C 56G 56.1G 263G 309.1C 315.1C
 EMPOP R255C 55C 56G 57G 60.1T 263G 309.1C 315.1C
JapanEMPOP R116150T 16183- 16186T 16189C 16234T 73G 151T 197G 263G 315.1C
 EMPOP R216150T 16183C 16185T 16189C 16193- 16234T 73G 151T 197G 263G 315.1C
KenyaEMPOP R116129A 16148T 16166G 16183C 16186T 16189C 16223T 16278T 16311C 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216129A 16148T 16166G 16183- 16187T 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16278T 16311C 16355T 16362C 73G 152C 182T 195C 247A 263G 315.1C 455.1T 455.2T 459.1C 523- 524-
MacedoniaEMPOP R155C 56.1A 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
 EMPOP R255C 57A 60.1T 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
PolandEMPOP R116092C 16102C 16164G 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16266T 16362C 42.1C 73G 150T 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
 EMPOP R216092C 16102C 16164G 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16266T 16362C 44.1C 73G 150T 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C
PolandEMPOP R116179T 16189C 16193T 16193.1C 16270T 73G 150T 263G 315.1C
 EMPOP R216179T 16189C 16191.1C 16192T 16270T 16398A 73G 150T 263G 315.1C
RomaniaEMPOP R116278T 143A 204Y 263G 308.1T 315.1C
 EMPOP R216278T 143A 204Y 263G 309T 309.1C 315.1C
USAEMPOP R154.1C 56C 93G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 573.1C 573.2C
 EMPOP R255C 56T 57C 60.1T 93G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 573.1C 573.2C
Changes concerning length heteroplasmy
Origin Profile  
CyprusEMPOP R116129A 16182C 16183C 16189C 16223T 16249C 16311C 16519C 73G 152C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 489C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216129A 16182C 16183C 16189C 16223T 16249C 16311C 16519C 73G 152C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C 489C 523- 524-
CyprusEMPOP R116126C 16292T 16294T 16296T 16311C 16438A 73G 146C 153G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 523- 524- 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C 573.5C
 EMPOP R216126C 16292T 16294T 16296T 16311C 16438A 73G 146C 153G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 523- 524- 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C 573.5C 573.6C
CyprusEMPOP R116075C 16129A 16167T 16169T 16189C 16223T 16260T 16391A 16519C 73G 199C 204C 250C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 524.1A 524.2C 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C
 EMPOP R216075C 16129A 16167T 16169T 16189C 16223T 16260T 16391A 16519C 73G 199C 204C 250C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 524.1A 524.2C 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C 573.5C
GreeceEMPOP R116183- 16224C 16311C 16519C 73G 263G 315.1C 497T
 EMPOP R216183- 16224C 16311C 16519C 73G 263G 315.1C 497T 524.1A 524.2C
VietnamEMPOP R116140C 16183C 16189C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216140C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116189C 16193.1C 16223T 16298C 16319A 16327T 16519C 73G 214R 249- 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
 EMPOP R216189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16223T 16298C 16319A 16327T 16519C 73G 214R 249- 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
VietnamEMPOP R116140C 16183C 16189C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216140C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 309- 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 309- 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116129A 16189C 16193.1C 16223T 16291T 16297C 73G 150T 199C 204C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
 EMPOP R216129A 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16223T 16291T 16297C 73G 150T 199C 204C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
VietnamEMPOP R116189C 16193.1C 16223T 16298C 16327T 16519C 73G 249- 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
 EMPOP R216189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16223T 16298C 16327T 16519C 73G 249- 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
VietnamEMPOP R116042A 16051G 16167T 16189C 16193.1C 16269G 16292T 16294T 16300G 16304C 16519C 73G 150T 195C 249- 263G 309.1C 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216042A 16051G 16167T 16189C 16193.1C 16193.2C 16269G 16292T 16294T 16300G 16304C 16519C 73G 150T 195C 249- 263G 309.1C 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16243C 16311C 16519C 73G 103A 204C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16243C 16311C 16519C 73G 103A 204C 263G 309.1C 309.2C 309.3C 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116129A 16189C 16192T 16223T 16297C 16519C 73G 150T 199C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
 EMPOP R216129A 16189C 16191.1C 16192T 16223T 16297C 16519C 73G 150T 199C 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C
VietnamEMPOP R116117C 16140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216117C 16140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16266A 16519C 73G 210G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16266A 16399G 16519C 73G 146C 152C 210G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216140C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16266A 16399G 16519C 73G 146C 152C 210G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 523- 524-
VietnamEMPOP R116183C 16189C 16193.1C 16293C 16325C 16362C 73G 146C 234G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 489C 513A
 EMPOP R216183C 16189C 16193.1C 16293C 16296.1C 16325C 16362C 73G 146C 234G 263G 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C 489C 513A
VietnamEMPOP R116182C 16183C 16189C 16217C 16274A 16289G 16301T 16519C 73G 152C 183G 263G 310C 374G
 EMPOP R216182C 16183C 16189C 16217C 16274A 16289G 16301T 16519C 73G 152C 183G 263G 310C 315- 374G
VietnamEMPOP R116181C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16193.1C 16213A 16217C 16261T 16292T 16301T 16519C 61A 62A 73G 263G 309- 315.1C 523- 524-
 EMPOP R216181C 16182C 16183C 16189C 16213A 16217C 16261T 16292T 16301T 16519C 61A 62A 73G 263G 309- 315.1C 523- 524-
Change of reading frame
Origin Profile  
DenmarkEMPOP R130-400 16024-16400
16114A 16126C 16218T 16223T 16275G 16291T 16356C 16390A 16391A 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C
 EMPOP R21-576 16024-16569
16114A 16126C 16218T 16223T 16275G 16291T 16356C 16390A 16391A 16519C 73G 263G 309.1C 315.1C 489C 573.1C 573.2C 573.3C 573.4C 573.5C 573.6C
HungaryEMPOP R11-576 16024-16571
 EMPOP R21-576 16024-16569
MacedoniaEMPOP R11-576 16024-16571
 EMPOP R21-576 16024-16569
EMPOP is a collaborative project. Its quality increases with your comments and suggestions. Please contact us.
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The high copy number per cell, the stability against degradation and the maternal mode of inheritance make the mitochondrial (mt) genome particularly suitable for palaeo-, medical- and forensic genetic investigations. Its increased evolutionary rate led to sequence variation that has been generated by sequential accumulation of new mutations along radiating maternal lineages during human dispersal into different parts of the world.
Forensic molecular biology takes advantage of this variation for human identity testing by sequence analysis of hypervariable segments within the mtDNA control region. MtDNA analysis is a powerful tool to exclude samples as originating from the same individual/matriline. If two samples cannot be excluded the significance of the mtDNA match needs to be assessed by making reference to the abundance of that particular mtDNA sequence (= mtDNA haplotype) in a relevant population.
The EMPOP database aims at the collection, quality control and searchable presentation of mtDNA control region haplotypes from all over the world. The EMPOP database has been developed by the Institute of Legal Medicine (GMI), Innsbruck Medical University and the Institute of Mathematics, University of Innsbruck.
The EMPOP database has been carefully envisioned as high quality mtDNA database, where primary sequence lane data are permanently linked to the database entries, and a variety of quality control analyses, phylogenetic and logical, are applied to the data to check for error.
EMPOP presents the haplotypes in 2 different categories (dependent on the availability of raw data)
  • Forensic data consist of EMPOP haplotypes that are accompanied by high quality primary sequence data, which permit questionable positions to be checked any time.
  • Literature data are compiled population tables from the literature or unpublished data from collaborating laboratories. Raw data have been checked on request from the authors to resolve questionable calls, but these raw data are not permanently available or do not meet the forensic requirements.
The haplotypes stored in EMPOP are not considered for download. The concept of data quality management requires a centralized supervision of the data. Necessary changes will be introduced by the database holders to ensure continuous data quality and are made publicly available (see Release history).
The mtDNA haplotypes are stored in difference-coded format, relative to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS; Andrews et al. 1999) and aligned using the phylogenetic approach described in Bandelt and Parson (2008).
Rules:
(quoting Bandelt and Parson, 2008)
  • (Phylogenetic law) Sequences should be aligned with regard to the current knowledge of the phylogeny. In the case of multiple equally plausible solutions, one should strive for maximum (weighted) parsimony. Variants flanking long C tracts, however, are subject to extra conventions in view of extensive length heteroplasmy.
  • (C tract conventions) The long C tracts of HVS-I and HVS-II should always be scored with 16189C and 310C, respectively, so that phylogenetically subsequent interruptions by novel C to T changes are encoded by the corresponding transition. Length variation of the short A tract preceding 16184 should be notated in terms of transversions.
  • (Indel scoring) Indels should be placed 3′ with respect to the light strand unless the phylogeny suggests otherwise.

Database queries

MtDNA haplotypes can be entered into the query field in difference-coded format or copy/pasted as consensus sequence strings. For the query process all haplotypes are translated into sequence strings and then compared. Thus, the search becomes independent from alignment and annotation and allows identical haplotypes to be correctly retrieved, even if a query sequence was entered using other alignment rules.
The results of the string based query are reported in difference coded format. A maximum likelihood (ML) and a maximum parsimony (MP) approach are used to determine the transcript (i.e. the differences) from database to query profile. The ML approach reports the transcript with minimal costs (based on mutation-specific weights), while the MP approach favors the transcript with the minimal number of differences. In most cases the MP transcript is identical to ML. Therefore only MP transcripts are shown in the output summary, thus making a search much faster. The detail view of a database profile also provides the option to calculate the ML transcript on demand. See Roeck et al. 2011 and http://stringvalidation.org for further details.

New features in EMPOP2

  • The QUERY tab in the left menu allows for searching haplotypes in the database (Query haplotype) and provides the possibility to search for EMPOP accession numbers and publications (Query publication).
  • EMPOP supports NETWORK, a software tool to visualize mtDNA data tables for phylogenetic analysis and quality control of mtDNA haplotypes. Network can be found inside the TOOLS tab together with utilities for checking EMP files and calculating frequencies.
  • An overview of all populations included in EMPOP can be found here.
  • Further information such as a HELP page can be found under the EMPOP main tab.
Unregistered users can perform anonymous database queries and access tools for evaluation of EMP formatted files (EMP Tool). NETWORK cannot be offered to unregistered users as we require an individual Email address to correctly assign the NETWORK result to - and only to - the investigator. How to become an unregistered user? Just go ahead and use the database!
Registered users have personalized access to EMPOP including:
  • Detailed mtDNA haplotype view (search output)
  • NETWORK for inspection and quality control of mtDNA sequences
  • HISTORY-function, which saves the database- and network queries for later inspection
  • How to become a registered user? Please register here.
EMPOP was established under the scientific umbrella of the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP). Its conceptual design has been open to scientific discussion, which many colleagues in the forensic and population genetic field joined. The current version of the database is a result of international teamwork and hopefully continues to evolve by fruitful collaboration in the future.

Jodi A Irwin, Michael D Coble*, Thomas J Parsons**

Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Building 101
1413 Research Blvd.
Rockville, MD 20850
USA

*current affiliation
Forensic Biologist
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Applied Genetics Group
100 Bureau Drive MS 8312
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8312
USA

**current affiliation
International Commission on Missing Persons
Alipašina 45a
71000 Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina

EDNAP

The European DNA Profiling Group
EDNAP Website
Publication: Parson 2004

Ge.F.I.

Gruppo Ematologi Forensi Italiani
Ge.F.I. Website
Publication: Turchi 2008

GHEP-ISFG

Grupo Español y Portugués de la ISFG / Grupo Espanhol e Português da ISFG
GHEP-ISFG Website
Publication: Prieto 2010

Daniel Corach, Cecilia Bobillo

Laboratorio de Huellas Digitales y Cátedra de Genética Molecular
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Argentina

Carlos Vullo, Laura Catelli

LIDMO-EAAF, Equipo Argentino de Antropologia Forense
Cordoba
Argentina

Stijn Desmyter, Bernadette Hoste

Institut National de Criminilastique et de Criminologie
Laboratoire Identification Génétique
Bruxelles
Belgium

Regina M Cicarelli

Laboratory of Paternity
UNESP Univ. Estadual Paulista
São Paulo
Brazil

Cintia Fridman

Department of Legal Medicine, Bioethics and Occupational Health
Medical School
University of São Paulo
Brazil

Edna S. Miazato Iwamura

Departamento de Patologia
EPM Escola Paulista de Medicina
UNIFESP Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Brazil

Greiciane G Paneto

Laboratory of Paternity
UNESP Univ. Estadual Paulista
São Paulo
Brazil

Denilce R Sumita

Genomic Engenharia Molecular
São Paulo
Brazil

Martin R Whittle

Genomic Engenharia Molecular
São Paulo
Brazil

Xiang Yanbao

Department of Forensic Identification
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University
Shenzhen People’s Hospital
Shenzhen
China

Juan Jose Builes

GENES Ltda.
Laboratorio de Genetica Forense y Huellas Digitales del DNA
Medellin
Colombia

Marijana Peričić Salihović, Ana Barešić

Department of Molecular Anthropology
Institute for Anthropological Research
Zagreb
Croatia

Niels Mørling, Erik Sørensen, Michael Rasmussen, Martin Mikkelsen

Department of Forensic Genetics
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark

Antti Sajantila, Minttu Hedman

Laboratory of Forensic Biology
Department of Forensic Medicine
University of Helsinki
Helsinki
Finland

Sylvain Amory

Institut de Médecine Légale
Strasbourg
France

current affiliation
International Commission on Missing Persons
Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Katja Anslinger, Dagmar Schmid, Birgit Bayer

Institute of Legal Medicine
Ludwig Maximilians University
Munich
Germany

Christa Augustin

Department of Legal Medicine
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
Hamburg
Germany

Sabine Lutz-Bonengel

Institut für Rechtsmedizin
Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Freiburg
Germany

Peter M Schneider

Institut für Rechtsmedizin
Cologne
Germany

Volker Weirich, Sylvio Tetzlaff

Institut für Rechtsmedizin
Universität Rostock
Rostock
Germany

Peter Wiegand, Rachel Klein

Institut für Rechtsmedizin
Universitätsklinikum Ulm
Ulm
Germany

Egyed Balázs

Department of Haemogenetics
Institute for Forensic Sciences
Budapest
Hungary

Milena Alù

Dept. of Morphological and Forensic Sciences
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Modena
Italy

Eugenia Carnevali

Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni
Università degli Studi di Perugia
Terni
Italy

Vince Pascali

Lab. Genetica Forense
Istituto di Medicina Legale
Universita Cattolica del S.Cuore
Roma
Italy

Susi Pelotti

Department of Medicine and Public Health
Section of Legal Medicine
University of Bologna
Bologna
Italy

Carlo Previderè

Dipartimento di Medicina Legale e Sanità Pubblica
Pavia
Italy

Ugo Ricci

Centro di Genetica Medica e Medicina Molecolare
Universita di Firenze - Azienda Ospedaliera A.Meyer
Firenze
Italy

Carlo Robino

Laboratorio di Scienze Criminalistiche
Dipartimento di Anatomia, Farmacologia e Medicina Legale
Universitá di Torino
Torino
Italy

Adriano Tagliabracci, Chiara Turchi, Loredana Buscemi

Sezione di Medicina Legale
Universitá Politecnica delle Marche
Ancona
Italy

Mirko Spiroski

Institute of Immunobiology and Human Genetics
Faculty of Medicine
Skopje
Republic of Macedonia

Patrick Dieltjes

Netherlands Forensic Institute
The Hague
Netherlands

Tomasz Grzybowski, Marcin Wozniak

Institute of Molecular and Forensic Genetics
Collegium Medicum
Nicolaus Copernicus University Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz
Poland

Tomasz Kupiec

Institute of Forensic Research
Krakow
Poland

Luis Alvarez Fernandez

Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Porto
Portugal

Cintia Alves

Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Porto
Portugal

Maria J Anjos

National Institute of Legal Medicine
Centre Branch
Coimbra
Portugal

Mónica Carvalho

National Institute of Legal Medicine
Centre Branch
Coimbra
Portugal

Ana Goios

Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Porto
Portugal

Leonor Gusmao

Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Porto
Portugal

Gabriela Lima

National Institute of Legal Medicine
North Branch
Porto
Portugal

Veronica Lopez

Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Porto
Portugal

Maria F Pinheiro

National Institute of Legal Medicine
North Branch
Porto
Portugal

Ana Mafalda Rocha

Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
Porto
Portugal

Miroslava V Derenko, Boris A Malyarchuk

Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North
Russian Academy of Sciences
Magadan
Russia

Cristina Albarrán

National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences (INTCF)
Madrid
Spain

Antonio Alonso

National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences (INTCF)
Madrid
Spain

Sergio Cardoso

BIOMICs Research Group
Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados "Lucio Lascaray"
University of the Basque Country
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Spain

Manuel Crespillo, Miguel Paredes

Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses.
Ministerio de Justicia
Barcelona
Spain

Marian M de Pancorbo

BIOMICs Research Group
Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados "Lucio Lascaray"
University of the Basque Country
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Spain

Marta Montesino

Comisaría General de Policía Científica
University Institute of Research in Forensic Sciences (IUICP)
Madrid
Spain

Ana María López Parra

Departamento de Toxicología y Legislación Sanitaria
Facultad de Medicina
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Madrid
Spain

Lourdes Prieto

Comisaría General de Policía Científica
University Institute of Research in Forensic Sciences (IUICP)
Madrid
Spain

Ana M Rodriguez-Monge

Comisaría General de Policía Científica
University Institute of Research in Forensic Sciences (IUICP)
Madrid
Spain

Farida Al Shamali

Dubai Police Forensic Administration
Dubai
United Arab Emirates

Peter Forster

Department of Forensic and Chemical Sciences
Anglia Ruskin University
Cambridge
United Kingdom
EMPOP acknowledges the financial support for scientific research that forms the basis of the EMPOP database.
FWF Logo The FWF Translational Research Project L397 "EMPOP – an innovative human mtDNA database" supported the cooperation between the Institute of Legal Medicine at the Innsbruck Medical University and the Institute of Mathematics at the University of Innsbruck to stimulate the development of mathematical and statistical tools for quality control and interpretation of mtDNA data in forensic genetics.
NIJ Logo The NIJ funded project "Maximizing mtDNA Testing Potential with the Generation of High-Quality Genome Reference Data" (grant number 2011-MU-MU-K402) supports the adaptation of EMPOP for dissemination of high quality mtDNA full genomes for forensic genetics and development of further tools for quality control.